社会保障:你需要知道的五个事实
社会保障可能很复杂, 结果就是, many individuals don't have a full understanding of the choices they may have. Here are five facts about Social Security that are important to keep in mind.
1. Social Security Is a Critical Source of 退休 Income
有些人认为社会保障在退休生活中是次要的，甚至是第三重要的. But according to a recent report by the Employee Benefits Research Institute, Social Security represents a major source of income for 67% of retirees.1
请记住，社会保障部根据消费者价格指数进行年度生活成本调整(cola), 根据现行法律, pays income for life and the life of your spouse.2
2. 你可以选择什么时候领取社会保险
You have considerable flexibility regarding when you can begin receiving your benefits. You may begin receiving benefits as early as age 62; however, 在达到完全退休年龄之前，你开始领取社会保障的每个月，你的福利将以0.5%的速度减少.3
The full retirement age is 67 if you were born in 1960 or later. 如果你出生在1960年之前, your retirement age will be reduced depending on the year in which you were born.
You may choose to delay receiving benefits until after reaching your full retirement age; in which case, your benefits are scheduled to increase by 8% annually. 根据现行法律，从你达到完全退休年龄的那一刻起，这种增加将每月自动增加，直到你开始享受福利或达到70岁——在这个年龄，这些延迟退休抵免不再累积. +, 在此期间，你的福利也会因生活费用调整而增加.4
如果你打算继续工作，你仍然可以获得你符合资格的全额福利. Indeed, working beyond full retirement age can increase your benefits. However, your benefits will be reduced if your earnings exceed certain limits. If you work and start receiving benefits before full retirement age, 你的收入每超过现行的年度限额(22美元)2美元，你的福利就会减少1美元,320 in 2024).5
If you continue to work during the year in which you attain full retirement age, 超过不同的年度限额(59美元)，每3美元的收入将减少1美元的福利,520 in 2024) until the month you reach full retirement age.5
一旦你达到完全退休年龄, 你可以继续工作, 根据现行法律，无论你挣多少钱，你的福利都不会减少.5
As you can see, the decision of when to begin taking Social Security is a critical one.
3. 社会保障可能要纳税
根据你的收入水平，你的社会保障福利可能需要纳税. 下面的图表说明了你的综合收入(调整后的总收入+你的非应税利息+你的一半社会保障福利)如何影响你的社会保障退休福利是否需要纳税.6
Will Your Social Security Benefits Be Subject to Federal Income 税es?
| 福利的50% 须课税 | 85%的福利 须课税 |
个人档案 | 的综合收入 $25,000 to $34,000 | 结合收入 超过34,000美元 |
共同申请人 | 的综合收入 $32,000 to $44,000 | 结合收入 超过44,000美元 |
这种潜在的所得税风险可能会对你是否选择在退休后工作产生重大影响, 你的资产是如何投资的, and the timing of withdrawals from other retirement accounts.7,8
例如, 从传统的个人退休账户中提款可能会使你的收入超过上述阈值, subjecting a higher proportion of your Social Security to income tax.7,8
The same is true of investment earnings in non-retirement savings. 如果退休人员的投资收入超过了他们目前的消费需求，他们的社会保障收入可能会被征税. 将这些资产的一部分转移到递延税收工具可能是管理社会保障福利税收的一种方法.9
4. 社会保障可以是一种家庭福利
当你开始领取社会保障时，其他家庭成员也可能有资格领取. 配偶(即使他们没有劳动收入)如果年龄在62岁或以上，或者任何年龄，如果他们照顾你的孩子，都有资格享受福利. (儿童必须小于16岁或残疾.)
Benefits may also be paid to your unmarried children if they are younger than 18, between 18 and 19 and enrolled in a secondary school as a full-time student, 18岁及以上严重残疾人士.
每个家庭成员都可能有资格获得每月高达退休(或残疾)福利金额的一半的福利. 家庭是有限制的, 而不同, but is generally between 150% to 180% of your retirement (or disability) benefit.10
Should you die, your family may be eligible for benefits based on your work record.10
Family members who qualify for benefits include:
- 寡妇寡妇或鳏夫
- 60岁或以上;
- age 50 and older if disabled; or
- 任何年龄，如果他们照顾你16岁以下的孩子或残疾的孩子，并且在你的记录上有权享受社会保障福利.
- Unmarried children can receive benefits if they are:
- 18岁以下;
- between 18 and 19 and are full-time students in a secondary school; or
- age 18 or older and severely disabled (the disability must have started before age 22).
你的遗属可以获得一定比例的基本社会保障福利——通常每个成员的比例在75%到100%之间. However, the limit paid to each family is about 150% to 180% of your benefit rate.10
5. 离婚的配偶可能有资格获得福利
如果你离婚了, you may qualify for Social Security benefits based on your ex-spouse's work record. 才有资格领取福利, 你的前配偶必须达到有资格开始领取福利金的年龄(尽管他们不一定需要领取福利金).10
要符合资格，您需要:
- have been married to your ex-spouse for at least 10 years;
- 离婚两年以上;
- 年满62岁;
- be unmarried; and
- not be entitled to a higher Social Security benefit based on your own work history.
如果你的前配偶已经去世, 你仍然可以作为未亡的离婚配偶获得福利(不管他们去世的年龄), assuming that your ex-spouse was entitled to Social Security benefits, 你们的婚姻至少有十年了, 你至少60岁了, and you are not entitled to a higher benefit amount based on your own work history. 如果你在60岁之前再婚, you will lose the ability to receive a survivor benefit from your deceased ex-spouse.10
如果你的前配偶还活着, 你有资格领取的最高金额是你的前配偶在完全退休年龄时应得金额的50%. 获得最大的利益, you will need to wait until you have reached your own full retirement age.10
如果你的前配偶在达到完全退休年龄之前选择领取社会保障，或者你的前配偶组建了一个新的家庭，你的福利不会受到影响.10
1. EBRI.org, 2023
2. SSA.政府,2023
3. SSA.政府,2023
4. SSA.政府,2023
5. SSA.政府,2023
6. SSA.政府,2023
7. 在大多数情况下, 一旦你到了73岁, 您必须开始从传统个人退休帐户(IRA)中提取所需的最低分配额。. 只要您符合劳动收入要求，您可以在70岁半以后继续向传统IRA提供免税捐款.
8. 一旦你到了73岁，在大多数情况下，你必须开始从传统的个人退休账户中提取最低要求的分配. Withdrawals from Traditional IRAs are taxed as ordinary income and, 如果在59岁半之前服用, may be subject to a 10% federal income tax penalty.
9. 年金合同的担保取决于发行公司的赔付能力. 年金有合同限制, 费用, 和费用, 包括帐费和管理费, 基础投资管理费, 死亡率和费用, 以及可选福利的收费. 大多数年金都有退保费，如果你在年金合同的最初几年取出钱，通常是最高的. Withdrawals and income payments are taxed as ordinary income. 如果在59岁半之前提款, a 10% federal income tax penalty may apply (unless an exception applies).
10. SSA.政府,2023
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